The laws of supply and demand are fundamental to economics, as they govern how prices are set and how resources are allocated in a market economy. When demand for a good or service exceeds supply, prices tend to rise, signaling that producers should increase supply to meet the higher demand. Conversely, when supply exceeds demand, prices generally fall, signaling that producers may need to reduce supply or lower prices. Understanding supply and demand helps businesses set prices, forecast sales, and manage production levels.